WHAT ARE TERPENES AND WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?

Terpenes are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in plants that give off unique aromas and are used for a variety of ailments. While most plants contain terpenes, they are largely associated with cannabis due to its high concentration of terpenes. Cannabis shopping has been centered around the strain being an Indica, Hybrid, or Sativa. Today we know that the effects associated with those key terms are due to the terpene and cannabinoid profiles of a strain. 

Here are the top terpenes we know and love,

Myrcene - 
 

Myrcene terpenes give off a natural, musky scent like cloves. They can also have fruity or citrusy undertones, depending on the strains' terpene combinations.
 

Cannabis strains rich in myrcene are often indicas, known for their calming effects, making Myrcene popular among people seeking pain relief or better sleep. Myrcene is also known to ease inflammation and chronic pain, making it a common addition to cancer treatment plans.

B-Caryophyllene - 
 

Caryophyllene is a spicy and peppery terpene found in cannabis and various spices like black pepper, cinnamon, and cloves, as well as herbs like oregano, basil, and rosemary.
 

It's abundant in strains with high THC levels and works like a cannabinoid by directly interacting with the body’s CB2 receptors. These receptors, mostly found in the immune system, help regulate inflammation and pain. This makes caryophyllene an important ingredient in anti-inflammatory creams and topicals. 
 

Studies suggest it's beneficial for conditions like arthritis and Crohn’s disease. Additionally, it may aid in treating alcoholism and the depression-like symptoms that come with alcohol withdrawal.

Limonene - 
 

Named for its citrusy essence, limonene infuses cannabis strains with a refreshing aroma and taste reminiscent of lemons, oranges, limes, and grapefruits.
 

Beyond its delightful flavor profile, limonene boasts a myriad of potential health benefits. Studies suggest it possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Notably, some research indicates limonene's involvement in reducing tumor size. Furthermore, it's believed to contribute to mental well-being, with purported stress-reducing and mood-boosting effects

Linalool - 
 

Linalool, also found in lavender, mint, cinnamon, and coriander, shares similar aromatic qualities with these herbs.
 

Beyond its pleasant scent, linalool boasts potent relaxation properties and a range of health benefits. Its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and anxiety-reducing properties make it valuable for patients dealing with conditions like arthritis, depression, seizures, insomnia, and cancer. Strains high in Linalool offer a 'weighted blanket' wave of relaxation, like a cozy Sunday afternoon!

A-Pinene & B-pinene - 
 

Alpha-pinene and Beta-pinene, named for their pine-like scent and taste, are prominent terpenes found in cannabis strains with high THC content. They're also abundant in pine trees, rosemary, orange peels, basil, and parsley, which explains their name.
 

In addition to their aromatic presence, pinene terpenes offer anti-inflammatory benefits, commonly utilized for ailments like arthritis. They possess bronchodilator properties, aiding in the management of respiratory ailments such as asthma and bronchitis. Think of how it feels to be in a pine forest!

Humulene - 
 

Humulene initially discovered in hops, is also commonly found in various plants like ginseng, sage, cloves, black pepper, and cannabis. It features earthy and woody tones with a hint of spice.
 

Preliminary studies suggest that humulene exhibits anti-proliferative properties, meaning it inhibits the growth of cancer cells. Additionally, it has shown potential as an appetite suppressant, offering promise as a weight loss aid. Moreover, akin to other cannabis terpenes mentioned earlier, humulene possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.

Terpinoline - 
 

Terpinolene is a primary terpene naturally occurring in lilac, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, cumin, apple conifer trees, and tea trees. It's known to have a mild to moderate sedative effect and is commonly found in Sativa strains, especially those with higher THC levels.
 

This terpene emits an herbal or floral scent reminiscent of lime and wood and is utilized in various products such as cosmetics, soap, insect repellent (similar to limonene), and household items.

Terpinolene is recognized for its antioxidant properties and potential as an anticancer agent.

Traditionally, terpinolene has been used as a natural antiseptic, antifungal, and antibacterial agent, along with mild central nervous system depressant properties, leading to sedative effects, particularly when combined with linalool.
 

In smaller doses (>3% terpinolene), may provide relief from conditions like restless leg syndrome, insomnia, hypertension, anxiety, and even panic attacks.

Ocimene - 
 

Ocimene, a cannabis terpene, carries a sweet, herbaceous, and earthy aroma with citrus undertones. It's also found in mint, parsley, basil, mangoes, orchids, oregano, and tarragon, commonly used in perfumes and fragrances.
 

More prevalent in sativa-dominant strains, ocimene possibly plays a significant role in their classification. Known as a decongestant, ocimene might contribute to the coughing fits associated with cannabis use. It can also produce an energetic effect and is considered a key contributor to the various medicinal benefits of cannabis.

While there are thousands of other terpenes, these are the most commonly studied and known terpenes in the Cannabis plant.